Establishing User Accounts for RFID-Based Telecommunications Routing

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and products are provided for establishing RFID-based telecommunications routing for a user including identifying a plurality of telephony devices available to a user, identifying the location of the plurality of telephony devices available to the user, receiving from a user routing preferences, receiving an identification of an RFID tag for the user, and associating with the user the identified telephony devices available to a user, the locations of the plurality of devices available to the user, the routing preferences, and the identification of the RFID tag.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of and claims priorityfrom U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/981,287, filed on Nov. 4, 2004.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The field of the invention is data processing, or, more specifically,methods, systems, and products for routing telecommunications.

2. Description of Related Art

Conventional telecommunications systems often provide a number oftelephony devices on which a user may receive calls in a particularnetworked environment. Conventional telecommunications systems alsoprovide a call routing to one or more of the individual telephonydevices. To route a call to a particular user however, conventionaltelecommunications system route the call to a particular telephonydevice most likely to be near the user. For example, a telephone systemin an office may route calls for a particular user to the telephonydevice in the user's office. Most users, however, are not static. Thatis, most users move about their networked environment. It would beadvantageous therefore to route telecommunications to users based upontheir location within their networked environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Methods, systems, and products are provided for establishing RFID-basedtelecommunications routing for a user including identifying a pluralityof telephony devices available to a user, identifying the location ofthe plurality of telephony devices available to the user, receiving froma user routing preferences, receiving an identification of an RFID tagfor the user, and associating with the user the identified telephonydevices available to a user, the locations of the plurality of devicesavailable to the user, the routing preferences, and the identificationof the RFID tag.

In typical embodiments, identifying a plurality of telephony devicesavailable to a user also includes receiving a telephony deviceidentification from the user. In typical embodiments, identifying thelocation of the plurality of telephony devices available to the useralso includes receiving a telephony device location identification fromthe user. In typical embodiments, receiving from a user routingpreferences also includes receiving from the user location based routingpreferences. In typical embodiments, receiving from a user routingpreferences also includes receiving from the user device based routingpreferences. In typical embodiments, associating with the user theidentified telephony devices available to a user, the locations of theplurality of devices available to the user; and the routing preferencesalso includes creating a user account in an RFID based routing database.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from the following more particulardescriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated inthe accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generallyrepresent like parts of exemplary embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 sets forth a line drawing illustrating an exemplary system forrouting telecommunications.

FIG. 2 sets forth a block diagram of automated computing machinerycomprising a communications gateway useful in routing telecommunicationsto a user.

FIG. 3 sets forth an exemplary OSGi-compliant services gateway useful inrouting telecommunications to a user.

FIG. 4 sets forth a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method forrouting telecommunications to a user.

FIG. 5 sets forth a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method fordetermining that the call is intended for the user.

FIG. 6 sets forth an exemplary method for determining the location ofthe user in dependence upon RFID signals.

FIGS. 7 and 8 include determining for each RFID reader an area ofpossible locations of the RFID tag in dependence upon the distancebetween the RFID readers and the RFID tag.

FIG. 9 sets forth an exemplary method for forwarding the call to atelephony device in dependence upon the user's location andlocation-based user preferences.

FIG. 10 sets forth another exemplary method for routingtelecommunications to a user.

FIG. 11 sets forth an exemplary method for identifying device-basedpreferences for the user and selecting one of the plurality of availabletelephony devices in dependence upon the device-based preferences.

FIG. 12 sets forth an exemplary flow chart illustrating an exemplarymethod for selecting one of the plurality of available telephony devicesin dependence upon the device-based preferences.

FIG. 13 sets forth another exemplary method for reroutingtelecommunications to a user.

FIG. 14 sets forth a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method foranticipating a user's future location that includes determining a firstuser location.

FIG. 15 sets forth a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method fornotifying a user of a device event that includes receiving a deviceevent.

FIG. 16 sets forth an exemplary method for associating with a user adevice event generated by a device without an owner.

FIG. 17 sets forth another exemplary method for associating the deviceevent with a user.

FIG. 18 sets forth an exemplary method for establishing RFID-basedtelecommunications routing for a user.

FIG. 19 sets forth an exemplary relationship diagram of data structuresuseful in implementing a user account for telecommunications routing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Introduction

The present invention is described to a large extent in thisspecification in terms of methods for routing telecommunications.Persons skilled in the art, however, will recognize that any computersystem that includes suitable programming means for operating inaccordance with the disclosed methods also falls well within the scopeof the present invention. Suitable programming means include any meansfor directing a computer system to execute the steps of the method ofthe invention, including for example, systems comprised of processingunits and arithmetic-logic circuits coupled to computer memory, whichsystems have the capability of storing in computer memory, whichcomputer memory includes electronic circuits configured to store dataand program instructions, programmed steps of the method of theinvention for execution by a processing unit.

The invention also may be embodied in a computer program product, suchas a diskette or other recording medium, for use with any suitable dataprocessing system. Embodiments of a computer program product may beimplemented by use of any recording medium for machine-readableinformation, including magnetic media, optical media, or other suitablemedia. Persons skilled in the art will immediately recognize that anycomputer system having suitable programming means will be capable ofexecuting the steps of the method of the invention as embodied in aprogram product. Persons skilled in the art will recognize immediatelythat, although most of the exemplary embodiments described in thisspecification are oriented to software installed and executing oncomputer hardware, nevertheless, alternative embodiments implemented asfirmware or as hardware are well within the scope of the presentinvention.

Exemplary Architecture

Methods, systems, and computer program products for routingtelecommunications are explained with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, beginning with FIG. 1. FIG. 1 sets forth a line drawingillustrating an exemplary system for routing telecommunications. Theterm ‘telecommunications’ in this specification means the art ofcommunicating over a distance by telephony device, telephone, telegraph,radio, or any other device designed to facilitate such communicationsbetween users. In this specification a ‘telephony device’ is any deviceuseful in facilitating telecommunications between users. Telephonydevice include computers, digital communications equipment, analogcommunications equipment or any other communications device that willoccur to those of skill in the art.

The system of FIG. 1 includes a networked environment (106), which inthis example is a networked home environment for a user (124). Thedescription of a networked home environment is for explanation only andnot for limitation. In fact, systems for routing telecommunications to auser may be implemented in any networked environment such as a networkedoffice, business, or other environment as will occur to those of skillin the art. Included within the networked home environment of FIG. 1 areRFID readers (118, 111, 110, 116, 114, 112) fixed at different locationswithin the home. The living room (150) of FIG. 1 has fixed with it threeRFID readers (118, 111, and 110). The kitchen (104) of the FIG. 1 hasfixed within it one RFID reader (116). The bedroom (107) of FIG. 1 hasfixed within it two RFID readers (114, 115). The office (129) has fixedwithin it one RFID reader (112). In the example of FIG. 1 an RFID tag(119) is located with or attached to the user (124).

“RFID” means Radio Frequency Identification, a technology useful inlocating users (124) within the networked environment (106) by use of anantenna, a transceiver, and a transponder or ‘tag.’ RFID transceiversare treated in this specification as including the electronic devicesneeded to convert the information in a radio signal into useful computerdata; in this specification, therefore, RFID transceivers are referredto as “RFID readers.” As the term ‘transceiver’ implies, however, RFIDreaders may read and write information to and from RFID transponders.RFID transponders are referred to in this specification as “RFID tags.”RFID tags are programmed with RFID identification codes unique to eachRFID tag. A unique RFID tag located with the user is used to uniquelylocate the user within the networked environment.

An RFID antenna emits radio signals to activate an RFID tag and read andwrite data to and from the tag. Antennas act as data conduits betweentags and transceivers or RFID readers. Antennas are available in avariety of shapes and sizes. An RFID reader typically emits radio wavesat power levels and at frequencies that are useful at ranges of anywherefrom a few inches to 100 feet or more. When an RFID tag (119) passesthrough the electromagnetic field of a radio signal from an RFIDantenna, the RFID tag detects the reader's activation signal. The readerdecodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit, typically asilicon chip.

An RFID device that did not actively transmit to a reader wastraditionally known as a ‘tag.’ An RFID device that actively transmittedto a reader was known as a transponder (TRANSmitter+resPONDER). It hasbecome common in the industry, however, to interchange terminology andrefer these devices as either tags or transponders more or lessinterchangeably. In this specification, for clarity of usage, the term‘tag’ is used to refer generally to all RFID devices.

Tags are programmed with data that identifies the tag and therefore theuser located with the tag. Tags can be either read-only, volatileread/write, or write once/read many (“WORM”) and can be either active orpassive. Active tags generally use batteries to power the tag's radiotransmitter and receiver. Active tags generally contain more componentsthan do passive tags, so active tags are usually larger in size and moreexpensive than passive tag. An active tag's memory size varies accordingto application requirements; some systems operate with up to a megabyteor more of memory. The useful life of an active tag is related to itsbattery life. Passive tags can be either battery or non-batteryoperated, according to their intended applications.

Passive tags reflect the RF signal transmitted to them from a reader andadd information by modulating the reflected signal to convey identifyingor descriptive information stored in computer memory in the tag. Apassive tag having a battery usually does not use its battery to boostthe energy of the reflected signal. A passive tag typically would use abattery to maintain memory in the tag or power the electronics thatenable the tag to modulate the reflected signal. Passive RFID tags oftenoperate without a battery or other power source, obtaining operatingpower generated from an RFID reader. Passive tags are typically muchlighter than active tags, less expensive, and offer a very longoperational lifetime. The trade off is that passive RFID tags haveshorter read ranges than active tags and require a higher-poweredreader.

RFID tags come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Animal trackingtags, inserted beneath an animal's skin, can be as small as a pencillead in diameter and one-half inch in length. Some tags are screw-shapedto identify trees or wooden items, or credit-card shaped for use inaccess applications. The anti-theft hard plastic tags attached tomerchandise in stores are RFID tags.

In the example of FIG. 1, RFID signals (122, 126, and 124), transmittedfrom RFID readers (118, 111, and 110) activates RFID tag (119), a smallform-factor, passive tag located with the user. Tag (119) has stored incomputer memory within it at least one unique identifications code orserial number that uniquely identifies the tag and therefore uniquelyidentifies the user located with the tag. The RFID readers are coupledfor data communications with the communications gateway (108). “Coupledfor data communications” means any form of data communications,wireless, 802.11b, Bluetooth, infrared, radio, internet protocols, HTTPprotocols, email protocols, networked, direct connections, dedicatedphone lines, dial-ups, serial connections with RS-232 (EIA232) orUniversal Serial Buses, hard-wired parallel port connections, networkconnections according to the Power Line Protocol, and other forms ofconnection for data communications as will occur to those of skill inthe art. Couplings for data communications include networked couplingsfor data communications. Examples of networks useful with variousembodiments of the invention include cable networks, intranets,extranets, internets, local area networks, wide area networks, and othernetwork arrangements as will occur to those of skill in the art. The useof any networked coupling among television channels, cable channels,video providers, telecommunications sources, and the like, is wellwithin the scope of the present invention.

The exemplary communications gateway (108) of FIG. 1 is capable ofreceiving from the RFID readers an indication that the RFID reader hasreceived an RFID signal from an RFID tag located with the user. In manyembodiments of the present invention, the RFID readers areadvantageously wirelessly coupled for data communications with thecommunications gateway (108). In many alternative embodiments, the RFIDreaders transmit an indication that an RFID signal was received by theRFID reader to a communications application running on thecommunications gateway using various protocols such as Bluetooth,802.11, HTTP, WAP, or any other protocol that will occur to those ofskill in the art.

The exemplary communications gateway (108) of FIG. 1 is also capable ofdetermining the location of the user within the networked environment(106) and routing calls to a selected telephony device (132, 131, 134,136) in dependence upon the user's location. As discussed in more detailbelow with reference to FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, determining the location ofthe user in dependence upon RFID signals can be carried out by nearfield sensing of the user's tag at fixed locations within the networkedenvironment or through the user of trilateration. The exemplarydescriptions of near field sensing and trilateration are for explanationand not for limitation. In fact, there are many ways of determining thelocation of the user in dependence upon RFID signals that will occur tothose of skill in the art and all such ways are will within the scope ofthe present invention.

The exemplary communications gateway (108) of FIG. 1 is also coupled fordata communications to a wide area network (102) to an enterprise server(101) which is coupled for data communications to a RFID-basedtelecommunications routing database (128) having stored within it a useraccount (120) record for the user (124) that contains preference dataand other information useful to route telecommunication to a devicewithin the networked environment in dependence upon the user's locationwithin the networked environment. The communications gateway (108)supports both traditional telecommunications functions through a PSTNNetwork (“Public Swithed Telephone Network”) (103) as well as packetswitched telephony through the WAN (102) such as for example VoIP(“Voice Over Internet Protocol”) telecommunications. The exemplarycommunications gateway (108) of FIG. 1 communications gateway of FIG. 1is an OSGi-enabled gateway capable of telecommunications routing withinthe networked domain. OSGi Stands for ‘Open Services GatewayInitiative.’ The OSGi specification is a Java-based application layerframework that provides vendor neutral application and device layer APIsand functions for various devices using arbitrary communicationprotocols operating in networks in homes, cars, and other environments.OSGi works with a variety of networking technologies like Ethernet,Bluetooth, the ‘Home, Audio and Video Interoperability standard’ (HAVi),IEEE 1394, Universal Serial Bus (USB), WAP, X-10, Lon Works, HomePlugand various other networking technologies. The OSGi specification isavailable for free download from the OSGi website at www.osgi.org.Telephony APIs (“Application Programming Interface”) are available toimplement call routing with the exemplary communications gateway ofFIG. 1. Examples of telephony APIs include Java Telephony API availablefrom Sun Microsystems, Inc., CallPath API available from IBM®, andothers that will occur to those of skill in the art.

The system for routing telecommunications to a user of FIG. 1 is capableof receiving a call through a PSTN network (103) or a packet switch WAN(102) and determining that the call is intended for the user (124). Thesystem of FIG. 1 is also capable of receiving one or more RFID signals(126, 124, 122) from a user's RFID tag (119) and determining thelocation of the user (124) in dependence upon the RFID signals (126,124, 122). The system of FIG. 1 is also capable of identifying locationbased routing preferences for a user maintained in a user account (120)stored in an RFID based telecommunications database (128) accessiblethrough an enterprise server (101) through the WAN (102). The system ofFIG. 1 is also capable of identifying a particular a telephony device(132) among a plurality of telephony devices (131, 132, 134, 136) in thenetworked environment in dependence of location based routingpreferences for a user and forwarding the call to the telephony devicein dependence upon the user's location and the user's location basedrouting preferences.

In some cases a more than one telephony device (131, 132) may beavailable to a user at a particular location within the networkedenvironment. In such cases, the system of FIG. 1 is capable of receivinga call and determining that the call is intended for the user (124). Thesystem of FIG. 1 is capable of receiving one or more RFID signals (126,124, and 122) from an RFID tag (119) located with the user (124);determining the user's location in dependence upon the RFID signals(126, 124, and 122) and identifying a plurality of available telephonydevices (131, 132) in dependence upon the user's location. The system ofFIG. 1 is capable of identifying a device-based preference for the user,selecting one (132) of the plurality of available telephony devices(131) in dependence upon the device-based preferences and forwarding thecall to the selected telephony device (132).

Users are often not static in a networked environment. That is, usersoften move around in a networked environment and often move from room toroom. With the wide number of telephony devices and telecommunicationsmethods available to a user, after receiving a call on a particulartelephony device a user may move and in such cases the system of FIG. 1is capable of rerouting the call to another telephony device independence upon an anticipated future location of the user. In suchcases the system of FIG. 1 is capable of rerouting telecommunications toa user by receiving a plurality of RFID signals (126, 124, 122) from anRFID tag (119) located with the user (124); anticipating a user's futurelocation in dependence upon the RFID signals (126, 124, 122); selectinga telephony device in dependence upon the anticipated future location;and rerouting an ongoing call to the selected telephony device. In suchcases, the system of FIG. 1 advantageously provides seamlesstelecommunications to the user across the networked environment withoutrequiring user intervention to reroute the ongoing call to anothertelephony device.

As discussed above, the communications gateway (108) of FIG. 1 is anOSGi enabled gateway. In the example of FIG. 1, in addition to beingable to route telecommunications to the user (124), the communicationsgateway (108) is also capable of receiving device events fromnon-telephony devices within the networked environment and notifying theuser of the receipt of such device events. Examples of suchnon-telephony devices capable of producing device events are coffeepots, ovens, dishwashers, computers, stereos, copy machines, and otherdevices that will occur to those of skill in the art. Suchnetwork-enabled devices are able to report their status to thecommunications gateway through events herein called device event. Forexample, a device event may be generated when the coffee pot hascompleted brewing a pot of coffee.

In the example of FIG. 1, a networked coffee pot (151) is coupled fordata communications with the communications gateway (108). The system ofFIG. 1 is capable of receiving a device event from the coffee pot andassociating the device event with a user (124). The system of FIG. 1 iscapable of receiving one or more RFID signals (126, 124, 122) from auser's RFID tag (119) and determining the user's location in dependenceupon the RFID signals (126, 124, 122). The system of FIG. 1 is alsocapable of selecting a user notification appliance (838) in dependenceupon the user's location and notifying the user (124) of the deviceevent with the selected user notification appliance (838). The use of acoffee pot in the example of FIG. 1 is for explanation and not forlimitation. The number and kind of networked devices, both telephony andnon-telephony, capable of reporting a device event to a communicationsgateway is almost endless and all such devices are within the scope ofthe present invention.

The system of FIG. 1 is also capable of establishing RFID-basedtelecommunications routing for a user. In the system of FIG. 1 a user isempowered to log onto a communications application running on thecommunications gateway by use of a browser running on a laptop (136) inthe user's office (129). The system of FIG. 1 establishes RFID basedtelecommunications routing by identifying the plurality of telephonydevices (131, 132, 134, and 136) available to the user (124) in thenetworked environment and identifying the location of the telephonydevices. The system of FIG. 1 is capable of receiving an identificationof the telephony devices and an identification of their location fromthe user, from a network administrator, a landlord, or by downloading anidentification of the telephony devices and an identification of theirlocation from a network location supported by any person or processhaving such information. The system of FIG. 1 is capable of receivingfrom a user routing preferences and associating with the user theidentified telephony devices available to a user, the locations of theplurality of devices available to the user; and the routing preferencesin a user account (120) which in the example of FIG. 1 is stored in anRFID based telecommunications routing database.

As discussed above, RFID-based telecommunications routing is oftenimplemented through the use of a computers. For further explanation,FIG. 2 sets forth a block diagram of automated computing machinerycomprising a communications gateway (108) useful in routingtelecommunications to a user according to embodiments of the presentinvention. The communications gateway (108) of FIG. 1, in some exemplaryarchitectures, an OSGi compatible services gateway. While exemplaryembodiments of routing telecommunications to a user are described inthis specification using OSGi, many other applications and frameworkswill work to implement routing telecommunications to a user according tothe present invention, and are therefore also well within the scope ofthe present invention. Commercial implementations of OSGi, such as JESand SMF, are also useful in implementing methods of the presentinvention. “JES” stands for Java Embedded Server. JES is a commercialimplementation of OSGi that provides a framework for development,deployment, and installation of applications and services to embeddeddevices. “SMF” stands for “Service Management Framework™” available fromIBM®. SMF is a commercial implementation of OSGi for management ofnetwork delivered applications on services gateways.

The communications gateway (108) of FIG. 2 includes at least onecomputer processor (156) or ‘CPU’ as well as random access memory (168)(“RAM”). Stored in RAM (168) is an operating system (154). Operatingsystems useful in computers according to embodiments of the presentinvention include Unix, Linux, Microsoft NT™, and many others as willoccur to those of skill in the art. Operating system (154) in theexample of FIG. 2 is shown in RAM (154), but many components of anoperating system typically are stored in non-volatile memory (166) also.

Also stored in RAM (168) is a services framework (190). The servicesframework (190) of FIG. 1 is a hosting platform for running ‘services’.Services are the main building blocks for creating applications in theOSGi. An OSGi services framework (190) is written in Java and therefore,typically runs on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) (150).

The exemplary architecture of FIG. 2 includes a communicationsapplication (407). In some embodiments of the present invention, thecommunications application is OSGi compliant application software, andis therefore implemented as a service or a group of services packaged asa bundle installed on the services framework (190). In thisspecification, communications applications are often discussed in thecontext of OSGi. However, the discussion of OSGi is for explanation andnot for limitation. In fact, communications applications according tovarious embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in anyprogramming language, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, and so on, as willoccur to those of skill in the art, and communications applicationsdeveloped in languages other than Java are installed directly upon anoperating system or operating environment rather than a JVM.

The communications gateway (108) of FIG. 2 includes non-volatilecomputer memory (166) coupled through a system bus (160) to a processor(156) and to other components of the gateway. Non-volatile computermemory (166) may be implemented as a hard disk drive (170), optical diskdrive (172), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory space(so-called ‘EEPROM’ or ‘Flash’ memory) (174), RAM drives (not shown), oras any other kind of computer memory as will occur to those of skill inthe art.

The exemplary communications gateway (108) of FIG. 2 includes acommunications adapter (167) for implementing connections for datacommunications (184), including connections through networks, to othercomputers (182), including RFID readers, telephony devices,network-enabled devices, non-telephony devices, notification appliances,servers, clients, and others as will occur to those of skill in the art.Communications adapters implement the hardware level of connections fordata communications through which local devices and remote devices orservers send data communications directly to one another and throughnetworks.

The exemplary communications gateway (108) of FIG. 2 includes one ormore input/output interface adapters (178). Input/output interfaceadapters in computers implement user-oriented input/output through, forexample, software drivers and computer hardware for controlling outputto display devices (180) such as computer display screens, as well asuser input from user input devices (181) such as keyboards and mice.

As discussed above, communications gateways useful in telecommunicationsrouting are often implemented as OSGi-compliant services gateways. Forfurther explanation, FIG. 3 sets forth an exemplary OSGi-compliantservices gateway (108) useful in routing telecommunications to a user inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention. While exemplaryembodiments of methods for routing telecommunications to a user aredescribed in this specification using OSGi, many other applications andframeworks other than OSGi will work to implement methods ofadministering devices according to the present invention and aretherefore well within the scope of the present invention. The servicesgateway (108) of FIG. 3 includes a service framework (190). An OSGiservice framework (190) is written in Java and therefore, typically runson a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) (150). In OSGi, the service framework(190) of FIG. 3 is a hosting platform for running ‘services’ (192). Theterm ‘service’ or ‘services’ in this disclosure, depending on context,generally refers to OSGi-compliant services.

Services (192) are the main building blocks for creating applicationsaccording to the OSGi. A service (192) is a group of Java classes andinterfaces that implement a certain feature. The OSGi specificationprovides a number of standard services. For example, OSGi provides astandard HTTP service that creates a web server that can respond torequests from HTTP clients.

OSGi also provides a set of standard services called the Device AccessSpecification. The Device Access Specification (“DAS”) provides servicesto identify a device connected to the services gateway, search for adriver for that device, and install the driver for the device.

Services (192) in OSGi are packaged in ‘bundles’ (193) with other files,images, and resources that the services (192) need for execution. Abundle (193) is a Java archive or ‘JAR’ file including one or moreservice implementations (192), an activator class (196), and a manifestfile (194). An activator class (196) is a Java class that the serviceframework (190) uses to start and stop a bundle. A manifest file (194)is a standard text file that describes the contents of the bundle (193).

In the exemplary architecture of FIG. 3 includes a communicationsapplication (407). In many embodiments of the present invention, thecommunications application is an OSGi service that carries outtelecommunications routing according to embodiments of the presentinvention. The communications application (108) of FIG. 3 is packagedwithin a bundle (193) and installed on the services framework (190).

The services framework (190) in OSGi also includes a service registry(198). The service registry (198) includes a service registration (197)including the service's name and an instance of a class that implementsthe service for each bundle (193) installed on the framework (190) andregistered with the service registry (198). A bundle (193) may requestservices that are not included in the bundle (193) but are registered onthe framework service registry (198). To find a service, a bundle (193)performs a query on the framework's service registry (198).

Routing Telecommunications to a User in Dependence Upon Location

As mentioned above, RFID-based telecommunications routing according toembodiments of the present invention advantageously routestelecommunications to users in dependence upon user preferences. Suchuser preferences include both location based routing preferences, aswell as device-based routing preferences. The present section of thisdisclosure is directed toward routing telecommunications to a user independence upon location and, in some embodiments, using location-basedrouting preferences. For further explanation, FIG. 4 sets forth a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for routing telecommunications toa user. The method of FIG. 4 includes receiving (402) a call (404). Intypical embodiments of the present invention, receiving (402) a call(404) includes receiving in a communications gateway a call transmittedthrough either a packet switched wide area network, the public switchedtelephone network or any other telecommunications-enabled network thatwill occur to those of skill in the art. The method of FIG. 4 includesdetermining (406) that the call (404) is intended for the user (408). Intypical embodiments, determining (406) that the call (404) is intendedfor the user (408) is carried out a communications application bundleexecuting on the communications gateway. In some such embodiments, thebundle includes one or more services implementing an automated callhander and speech to text conversion. For further explanation, FIG. 5sets forth a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for determiningthat the call (404) is intended for the user (408). The method of FIG. 5includes prompting (502) the caller for the name of the user andreceiving (504) from the caller as speech (506) the name of the user.Prompting (502) the caller for the name of the user may be carried outby playing a prerecorded prompt to the user requesting that the userspeak the name of the intended recipient of the call.

The method of FIG. 5 also includes converting (508) the speech (506) totext (510). Off the shelf speech-to-text conversion and speechrecognition software is commercially available and is available for useby communications applications of the present invention for use indetermining that a call is intended for a particular user. Examples ofsuch a commercially available products are ViaVoice™ available from IBM®and the Java Speech API available from Sun Microsystems, Inc.

The method of FIG. 5 also includes retrieving (512) a user record (408)in dependence upon the text (510). In the method of FIG. 5, retrieving(512) a user record (408) in dependence upon the text (510) includessearching a database (514) containing user records on the text of theuser's name. If the search returns a match, the method of FIG. 5includes returning to the executing communications application a userrecord for the identified user.

The exemplary user record (408) of FIG. 5 includes a user ID (410)uniquely identifying the user. The exemplary user record (408) of FIG. 5also includes an identification of the user's RFID tag (414) uniquelyidentifying the RFID tag. The exemplary user record (408) of FIG. 5includes a preference ID (412) identifying user preferences such aslocation-based routing preferences and device-based routing preferencesdiscussed in more detail below.

Continuing again with reference to FIG. 4: The method of FIG. 4 includesreceiving (415) an RFID signal (416) from a user's RFID tag (414). Asdiscussed above, RFID tags are often available as either active RFIDtags or passive RFID tags. The RFID signal in the example of FIG. 4therefore can be either an RFID signal from an active RFID tag locatedwith or attached to the user or an RFID signal from a passive RFID taglocated with or attached to the user.

The method of FIG. 4 also includes determining (418) the location (420)of the user in dependence upon the RFID signal (414). As discussed inmore detail below with reference to FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, determining thelocation of the user in dependence upon RFID signals can be carried outby near field sensing of the user's tag at fixed locations within thenetworked environment or through the user of trilateration. Theexemplary descriptions of near field sensing and trilateration are forexplanation and not for limitation. In fact, there are many ways ofdetermining the location of the user in dependence upon RFID signalsthat will occur to those of skill in the art and all such ways are willwithin the scope of the present invention.

The method of FIG. 4 also includes identifying (418) location-basedrouting preferences (455) for the user and forwarding (422) the call(404) to a telephony device (134) in dependence upon the user's location(420) and the user's location based routing preferences (455).Location-based routing preferences are preferences for a user describinga preferred routing of telecommunications in dependence upon the user'slocation. For example, an exemplary location-based routing preferencemay demonstrate that despite having more telephony devices available, auser will accept calls on telephony devices in the living room and thebedroom only. Therefore, when the user's location is within a range oflocations predetermined to be closer to the living room, calls arerouted to the living room. When the user's location is within a range oflocations predetermined to be closer to the bedroom room, calls arerouted to the bedroom.

In the example of FIG. 4, location-based routing preferences areimplemented as a location-based preference record (455). The exemplarylocation-based preference record (455) of FIG. 4 includes a user ID(410) uniquely identifying the user. The exemplary location-basedpreference record (455) also includes a location ID (411) identifyingthe user location for which the location based routing preference is tobe implemented. The location ID (411) may be a lattitude and longitude,a room designation, a physical address, or a range of locationsrepresented in any manner as will occur to those of skill in the art.The location-based preference record (455) includes a preference ID(413) uniquely identifying the routing preference associated with thelocation ID.

As discussed above, determining the location of a user through the useof RFID can be carried out in a number of ways. On way of determiningthe location of the user includes near field sensing of the RFID tag atfixed reader locations in the networked domain and applying a rule setto the identified fixed reader locations to approximate the location ofthe user. For further explanation therefore, FIG. 6 sets forth anexemplary method for determining the location of the user in dependenceupon RFID signals. The method of FIG. 6 includes receiving (610) aplurality of RFID signals (414) from a user's RFID tag at a plurality ofRFID reader locations (612) and storing (614) the reader ID and date andtime that the signal was received in a data structure representing anindication of the user's location.

In the example of FIG. 6, a user location record (602) represents anindication of the user' location and each of which is created inresponse to receiving an RFID signal from the user's RFID tag at a fixedlocation within the networked domain and stored in a user locationhistory (920) which is a collection of user location records. Theexemplary user location record (602) of FIG. 6 includes a user ID field(410) uniquely identifying the user. The user exemplary user locationrecord (602) includes an RFID tag ID (414) identifying the user's RFIDtag sending the RFID signal to the RFID reader located at a fixedlocation within the networked environment. The exemplary user locationrecord (602) also includes a reader ID field (604) uniquely identifyingthe RFID reader receiving the RFID singal. The exemplary user locationrecord (602) also includes a reader location (605) identifying thelocation of the RFID reader in the networked domain. The exemplary userlocation record also includes the date (606) and time (608) that theRFID reader received the signal.

The method of FIG. 6 also includes determining (616) the location (420)of the user in dependence upon the RFID reader locations (605) and arule (617). Applying a rule to a plurality of fixed reader locations,each of which approximates a user's location provides increased accuracyto the approximate user location provided by sensing the user's RFID taga fixed location within the networked environment.

For further explanation consider the following use case. RFID readersare fixed at various locations in a user's office. An RFID reader isfixed near the entrance of a copy room, an RFID reader is also fixed atvarious locations within the copy room. If the RFID reader at theentrance of the copy room receives an RFID signal from the user's RFIDtag and the RFID readers within the copy room receive an RFID signalssoon thereafter, it is determined that the user is within the copy room.A rule useful in describing this use case is:

-   -   For a user:        -   If copy room entrance reader true; and            -   If interior reader true within a predetermined time                period;            -   then                -   User is in the copy room;            -   If interior reader not true within the predetermined                time period;            -   then                -   User is not in the copy room.

Near field sensing of the user at fixed points in the networked domainadvantageously provides a rough estimate of the user's location withinthe networked environment. Applying rules to the near field sensing of auser at plurality of fixed locations provides increased accuracy inapproximating the user's location.

As just discussed above, near field sensing of a user at fixed points inthe networked environment is a mechanism for locating the user withoutattempting to specifically locate the RFID tag itself. The user islocated only by determining that the user's RFID tag is within the rangeof one or more RFID readers. A user may be more accurately locatedthrough the use of a method called trilateration. For furtherexplanation, FIGS. 7 and 8 set forth line drawings that when takentogether illustrate a method for determining the location of the user independence upon received RFID signals that uses trilateration. Themethod of FIGS. 7 and 8 includes receiving a plurality of RFID signalsfrom the user's RFID tag (612 on FIG. 7) at a plurality of RFID readerlocations (612 a, 612 b, and 612 c on FIG. 7) and determining for eachRFID reader a distance (A, B, and C on FIG. 7) between each he RFIDreader and the user's RFID tag.

The method of FIGS. 7 and 8 also includes determining for each RFIDreader (612 a, 612 b, and 612 c on FIG. 8) an area (704 a, 704 b, and704 c on FIG. 8) of possible locations of the RFID tag in dependenceupon the distance (A, B, and C on FIGS. 7 and 8) between the RFIDreaders (612 a, 612 b, and 612 c on FIGS. 7 and 8) and the RFID tag(612). In the method of FIGS. 7 and 8, the area (704 a, 704 b, and 704 con FIG. 8) of possible locations of the RFID tag is represented by anarea defined by a radius equal to the distance (A, B, and C on FIG. 7)between each RFID reader and the RFID tag. The method of FIGS. 7 and 8also includes determining the intersection (702 on FIG. 8) of the areas(704 a, 704 b, and 704 c on FIG. 8) of possible locations of the RFIDtag. The intersection of the areas (704 a, 704 b, and 704 c on FIG. 8)of possible locations is the approximate location of the RFID tag andtherefore the user. As will occur those of skill in the art, increasingthe number of RFID readers available for use in the method of FIG. 7 andFIG. 8 often decreases the area of intersection.

As shown above, the method of FIGS. 7 and 8 includes determining thedistance (A, B, and C, on FIGS. 7 and 8) between the RFID readers (612a, 612 b, and 612 c on FIGS. 7 and 8) and the users RFID tag (612 onFIG. 7). One way of determining the distance (A, B, and 3, on FIGS. 7and 8) between the RFID readers (612 a, 612 b, and 612 c on FIGS. 7 and8) and the users RFID tag (612 on FIG. 7) is carried out by sending fromeach RFID reader an RFID singnal. If another RFID signal is returned byan RFID tag, the method includes determining the period of time betweensending the first RFID signal and receiving the response signal from theRFID tag. This period of time is then divided by two and then divided bythe speed of the RFID signal to determine the distance between thereader and the tag.

Because radio signals travel at the speed of light, accurately measuringthe send and response time of signal travel between a reader and tag maybe cumbersome. Another method of determining the distance (A, B, and C,on FIGS. 7 and 8) between the RFID readers (612 a, 612 b, and 612 c onFIGS. 7 and 8) and the users RFID tag (612 on FIG. 7) that is lesscumbersome includes using varying signal strengths to vary the range ofthe RFID reader. In such cases, an RFID reader sends an RFID signal, andif a tag responds, the reader sends another signal with less strength.The reader repeatedly sends signals of diminishing strength until thetag no longer responds. The strength of each signal has a predeterminedrange of effectiveness. Therefore, by systematically reducing the rangeof effectiveness of the reader, the distance (A, B, and C, on FIGS. 7and 8) between the RFID readers (612 a, 612 b, and 612 c on FIGS. 7 and8) and the users RFID tag (612 on FIG. 7) can be approximated as beingbetween the range of effectiveness of the signal for having the lastresponse from a tag and the range of effectiveness for the signal forwhich there was no response from the tag. Systematically varying thesignal strength to approximate the distance between the reader and tagprovide a less cumbersome method of determining the distance (A, B, andC, on FIGS. 7 and 8) between the RFID readers (612 a, 612 b, and 612 con FIGS. 7 and 8) and the users RFID tag (612 on FIG. 7).

As discussed above, once a user is located, telecommunications routingaccording to some embodiments of the present invention advantageouslyforward calls to telephony devices in dependence upon the user'slocation. For further explanation, FIG. 9 sets forth an exemplary methodfor forwarding the call to a telephony device in dependence upon theuser's location and location-based user preferences. The method of FIG.9 includes selecting (904) a telephony device (906) in dependence uponthe user's location (420) and location based routing preferences (455).In the method of FIG. 9, selecting (904) a telephony device (906) independence upon the user's location (420) and location based routingpreferences (455) is carried out by selecting a device record (906) froma device data base that represents the telephony device.

The exemplary telephony device record (906) of FIG. 9 includes a deviceID (908) uniquely representing the telephony device. The exemplarydevice record (906) of FIG. 9 includes a device type (910) identifyingthe type of telephony device. Examples of telephony device type includetelephone, laptop, PDA, speakerphone, wireless telephone, wirelinetelephone, cellular telephone, and so on as will occur to those of skillin the art. The exemplary telephony device record (906) of FIG. 9includes a device location (962) identifying the location of the device.A location of the device may be represented as a latitude and longitude,a room designation, a physical address, or any other representation oflocation that will occur to those of skill in the art. The exemplarytelephony device record (906) of FIG. 9 also includes an effective range(914). An effective range describes the physical area for which thedevice is effective. For example, a speaker phone may have a range ofeffectiveness of 10 square feet, while a wireline phone may have aneffective range of only two square feet.

The method of FIG. 9 includes transferring (916) the call to theselected telephony device (906). Transferring (916) the call to theselected telephony device (906) is typically carried out by calling APIfunctions provided in a telephony API. Examples of telephony APIsinclude Java Telephony API available from Sun Microsystems, Inc.,CallPath API available from IBM®, and others that will occur to those ofskill in the art.

Routing Telecommunications to a User In Dependence Upon Device-BasedRouting Preferences

FIG. 10 sets forth another exemplary method for routingtelecommunications to a user. The method of FIG. 10 includes receiving(402) a call (404) and determining (406) that the call (404) is intendedfor the user (408). As discussed above with reference to FIG. 5, one wayof determining that the call is intended for the user includesspeech-to-text conversion. In some such embodiments, determining (406)that the call (404) is intended for the user (408) includes promptingthe caller for the name of the user, receiving from the caller as speechthe name of the user, converting the speech to a text, and retrieving auser record in dependence upon the text.

The method of FIG. 10 also includes receiving (415) an RFID signal (414)from an RFID tag (414) located with the user (408) and determining (417)the user's location (420) in dependence upon the RFID signal (416). Asdiscussed above, RFID tags are often available as either active RFIDtags or passive RFID tags. The RFID signal in the example of FIG. 10therefore can be either an RFID signal from an active RFID tag locatedwith or attached to the user or an RFID signal from a passive RFID taglocated with or attached to the user. Also discussed in more detailabove with reference to FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, determining the location ofthe user in dependence upon RFID signals can be carried out by nearfield sensing of the user's tag at fixed locations within the networkedenvironment or through the user of trilateration. The exemplarydescriptions of near field sensing and trilateration are for explanationand not for limitation. In fact, there are many ways of determining thelocation of the user in dependence upon RFID signals that will occur tothose of skill in the art and all such ways are will within the scope ofthe present invention.

The method of FIG. 10 includes identifying (450) a plurality ofavailable telephony devices (906) in dependence upon the user's location(420). In the method of FIG. 10, identifying (450) a plurality ofavailable telephony devices (906) in dependence upon the user's location(420) includes selecting a telephony device record (906) from a devicedata base (902) in dependence upon the user location. Selecting atelephony device record (906) from a device data base (902) independence upon the user location is typically carried out by searchingthe device database (902) for telephony device record whose locationmost closely matches the user location.

It is not uncommon for more than one telephony device to be available toa user in a particular location. That is, a user at a particularlocation in the networked environment may often have more than onetelephony device available. The method of FIG. 10 therefore includesidentifying (454) a device-based preference (456) for the user (408) andselecting (452) one of the plurality of available telephony devices(906) in dependence upon the device-based preference (456). Device-basedpreferences are preferences useful in selecting one of a plurality ofavailable devices. Device-based preferences may be provided by a user.Examples of device based preferences include preferences for wirelesstelephony devices over wireline devices, preferences for telephonydevices with speakers over devices without speakers, a preference ofdevices that are wall mounted as opposed to those that are not wallmounted, and so on as will occur to those of skill in the art.

In the example of FIG. 10, the device-based preferences are implementedin data as a device based preference record (456). The exemplary devicebased preference record (456) of FIG. 10 includes a preference ID field(462) that uniquely identifies the preference. The exemplary devicebased preference record (456) of FIG. 10 also includes a preferreddevice type field (464) that includes preferences for telephony devicesin dependence of device type. Examples of device types include wirelessdevices, wireline devices, wall mounted devices, mobile devices, deviceswith speakers, and so on as will occur to those of skill in the art. Theexemplary device based preference record (456) of FIG. 10 includes apriority call device (466) field that includes a device type or deviceidentification of a device for priority calls. For example, a prioritycall device may include a user's mobile phone and in such cases onlyhigh priory calls are routed to the mobile phone.

In the method of FIG. 10, selecting (452) one of the plurality ofavailable telephony devices (906) in dependence upon the device-basedpreference (456) typically includes searching the telephony devicerecords previously selected in dependence upon the user's location onthe device type field for a matching record. For further explanation,FIG. 11 sets forth an exemplary method for identifying (454)device-based preferences (456) for the user (408) and selecting (452)one of the plurality of available telephony devices (906) in dependenceupon the device-based preferences (456). In the method of FIG. 11,identifying (454) device-based preferences (456) for the user (408) iscarried out by selecting (460) a device-based preferences record (456)from a preferences database (468). In the method of FIG. 11, selecting(452) one of the plurality of available telephony devices (906) independence upon the device-based preferences (456) is carried out byreading (470) from a device-based preferences record (456) an indicationof a preferred communication device type (464) and selecting (472) adevice (906) of the preferred communication device type (464).

Continuing again with reference to FIG. 10: The method of FIG. 10includes forwarding (422) the call to the selected telephony device(906). Forwarding the call to the selected telephony device (906) istypically carried out by calling API functions provided in a telephonyAPI. Examples of telephony APIs include Java Telephony API availablefrom Sun Microsystems, Inc., CallPath API available from IBM®, andothers that will occur to those of skill in the art.

Not all calls for a user are of equal importance. Situations may arisewhen a user may desire that calls be prioritized and thattelecommunications routing be performed to rout the call to anappropriate telephony device in dependence upon the priority of thecall. For further explanation, FIG. 12 sets forth an exemplary flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for selecting one of theplurality of available telephony devices (906) in dependence upon thedevice-based preferences (456) The method of FIG. 12 includesdetermining (520) a priority (532) of the call (404). One way ofdetermining the priority of the call includes prompting the user for anindication of the call, receiving as speech the priority of the call,and converting the priority from speech to text.

In the method of FIG. 12, the priority of the call is included in a callcontext data structure (522). A call context (522) is typically a datastructure including information about a particular call used fortelecommunications routing. The exemplary call context (522) of FIG. 12includes a context ID (524) uniquely identifying the call. The exemplarycall context (522) of FIG. 12 also includes a phone number (526) fieldincluding the phone number of the phone from which the call was place.The exemplary call context (522) of FIG. 12 includes a recipient phonenumber field (527) including the receiving phone number of the call. Theexemplary call context (522) of FIG. 12 includes a caller field (528)including an identification of the caller. The exemplary call context(522) of FIG. 12 includes a recipient field including an identificationof the user. The exemplary call context (522) of FIG. 12 includes apriority designation (532). Priorities may be designated as Booleanindications of high priority or not high priority, as valuesrepresenting degrees of priorities, or any other priority designationthat will occur to those of skill in the art.

The method of FIG. 12 also includes selecting (534) one of a pluralityof telephony devices (906) in dependence upon the priority (532) of thecall (404). Selecting (534) one of a plurality of telephony devices(906) in dependence upon the priority (532) of the call (404) is carriedout by reading from a device-based preferences record a priority calldevice (466) and selecting a device (906) in dependence upon thepriority call device. In some embodiments, the priority call deviceidentifies a particular device to receive all high priority calls. Inother embodiments, the priority call device identifies a device type forreceiving high priority calls and selecting a device (906) in dependenceupon the priority call device includes selecting a device of thepriority call device type.

Rerouting Ongoing Telecommunications to a User

Users are often not static in a networked environment. That is, usersoften move around in a networked environment and often move from room toroom. With the wide number of telephony devices available to a user,after receiving a call on a particular telephony device a user may moveand in such cases it is advantageous to reroute the call to anothertelephony device in dependence upon an anticipated future location ofthe user. For further explanation, FIG. 13 sets forth another exemplarymethod for rerouting telecommunications to a user. The method of FIG. 13includes receiving (620) a plurality of RFID signals (416) from an RFIDtag (414) located with the user (408) and anticipating (622) a user'sfuture location (624) in dependence upon the RFID signals (416).

Anticipating (622) a user's future location (624) in dependence upon theRFID signals (416) can be carried out using a combination of the methodsfor locating a user described above. For further explanation FIG. 14sets forth a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method foranticipating a user's future location (624) that includes determining(722) a first user location (724). As discussed in more detail abovewith reference to FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, determining a first user locationof the user in dependence upon RFID signals can be carried out by nearfield sensing of the user's tag at fixed locations within the networkedenvironment or through the user of trilateration. The exemplarydescriptions of near field sensing and trilateration are for explanationand not for limitation. In fact, there are many ways of determining afirst location of the user in dependence upon RFID signals that willoccur to those of skill in the art and all such ways are will within thescope of the present invention.

The method of FIG. 14 also includes determining (726) a second userlocation (728). As discussed in more detail above with reference toFIGS. 6, 7, and 8, determining the location of the user in dependenceupon RFID signals can be carried out by near field sensing of the user'stag at fixed locations within the networked environment or through theuser of trilateration. The exemplary descriptions of near field sensingand trilateration are for explanation and not for limitation. In fact,there are many ways of determining the location of the user independence upon RFID signals that will occur to those of skill in theart and all such ways are will within the scope of the presentinvention.

The method of FIG. 14 also includes predicting (730) a user' futurelocation (624) in dependence upon the first user location (724) and thesecond user location (728). One way of predicting (720) a user' futurelocation (624) in dependence upon the first user location (724) and thesecond user location (728) includes calculating a line of motion throughthe first location and the second location and selecting a future userlocation on the line of motion.

As will occur to those of skill in the art using only two previous userlocations to predict a user's future location is a crude estimation ofthe user's future location. The method of FIG. 14 therefore alsoincludes storing (734) locations identifications in a user locationhistory (920). A user location history is a data structure containingidentifications of previous locations of a user indexed by the date andtime (924) the user was at the previous location. The exemplary userlocation history of FIG. 14 includes a user ID (410) uniquelyidentifying the user location. The exemplary user location history (920)of FIG. 14 also includes a description or identification of the previouslocation (922). The description or identification of the previouslocation of the user may be a latitude and longitude, a roomdesignation, a physical address or any other description oridentification of a previous location that will occur to those of skillin the art.

The method of FIG. 14 also includes predicting (720) a user' futurelocation (624) in dependence the user location history and locationprediction rules (404). Location prediction rules are rules useful inpredicting a users future location in dependence upon more than twolocation stored in the user location history. Location prediction rulesoften predict a user's future location in dependence upon factors suchas speed of movement, change of direction, and the geographic layout ofthe networked environments as well as others that will occur to those ofskill in the art.

For further explanation of the use of location prediction rules,consider the following exemplary rule for an office with a north facingdoor to a living room.

-   -   If user previous location is office and        -   If four locations indicate that the user is moving north            toward the door;        -   Then predict user is leaving office and entering living            room.

In implementing this exemplary rule, a communications gateway hasdetermined that the user's previous location is in the office. A linethrough four locations in a user location history indicates the user istraveling north through the door to the living room. A communicationsgateway implementing this exemplary location prediction rule predictsthat the user is leaving the office and entering the living room. Thecommunications gateway implementing this rule therefore predicts thatthe user's future location is in the living room. Location predictionrules advantageously provide a vehicle for increased accuracy inpredicting a user's future location for rerouting ongoingtelecommunications.

Continuing again with reference to FIG. 13: The method of FIG. 13 alsoincludes selecting (626) a telephony device (906) in dependence upon theanticipated future location (624). In the method of FIG. 13, selecting(626) a telephony device (906) in dependence upon the anticipated futurelocation (622) also includes identifying device-based routingpreferences (456) for the user and selecting (626) a telephony device(906) in dependence device based preferences. As discussed above, oftenmore than one telephony device may be available to a user at theanticipated future location. Device-based preferences are preferencesuseful in selecting one of a plurality of available devices. Example ofdevice based preferences include preferences for wireless telephonydevices over wireline devices, preferences for telephony devices withspeakers over devices without speakers, a preference of devices that arewall mounted as opposed to those that are not wall mounted, and so on aswill occur to those of skill in the art. In the method of FIG. 13,identifying device-based preferences for the user is carried out byselecting a device-based preferences record from a preferences database.In the method of FIG. 13, selecting (626) a telephony device (906) independence device based preferences is carried out by selecting (626) adevice (906) record from a device database having a device type matchingthe preferred device type indicated in the device based preferencerecord.

In the method of FIG. 13, selecting (626) a telephony device (906) independence upon the anticipated future location (622) includesidentifying location based routing preferences (455) for the user. Asdiscussed above, location-based routing preferences are preferences fora user describing a preferred routing of telecommunications independence upon the user's location. For example, an exemplarylocation-based routing preference may describe that despite having moretelephony devices available, a user will accept calls on telephonydevices in living room and the bedroom only. Therefore, when the user'slocation is within a range of locations predetermined to be closer tothe living room, calls are routed to the living room. When the user'slocation is within a range of locations predetermined to be closer tothe bedroom room, calls are routed to the bedroom.

The method of FIG. 13 also includes rerouting (628) an ongoing call(404) to the selected telephony device (906). In method of FIG. 13,rerouting (628) an ongoing call (404) to the selected telephony device(906) includes reading from a context (522) for the ongoing call thecurrent telephony device (534) and transferring the call to the selectedtelephony device (906). Transferring the call to the selected telephonydevice is typically carried out by calling API functions provided in atelephony API available for use by a communications gateway. Examples oftelephony APIs include Java Telephony API available from SunMicrosystems, Inc., CallPath API available from IBM®, and others thatwill occur to those of skill in the art.

Notifying Users of Device Events in a Networked Environment

As discussed above, the communications gateways operating in accordancewith the present invention are able to detect device events in additionto routing telecommunications to a user. In such embodiments, not onlyare telephony devices coupled for data communications with acommunications gateway, but other network-enabled devices, eithertelephony or noon-telephony, such as coffee pots, ovens, dishwashers,computers, stereos, copy machines, and other devices are also coupledfor data communications with the communications gateway. Suchnetwork-enabled devices are able to report their status to thecommunications gateway through events herein called device event. Whensuch an event is received in the communications gateway it would beadvantageous to notify the user of the device event.

For further explanation, FIG. 15 sets forth a flow chart illustrating anexemplary method for notifying a user of a device event that includesreceiving (820) a device event (822). In some embodiments, receiving adevice event is carried out by receiving a device event from a devicethat reports its status on its own motion. For example, a coffee pot maybe configured to send a device event notifying the communicationsgateway that the pot has finished brewing without requiring the gatewayto poll the coffee pot. Alternatively, receiving (820) a device event(822) includes polling the device periodically for the status of thedevice. In such examples, receiving a device event typically includescalling member methods in a device class representing the device such asfor example, getStatus( ) to get the status of the device.

The method of FIG. 15 also includes associating (824) the device event(822) with a user (408). In the method of FIG. 15, associating (824) thedevice event (822) with a user (408) is carried out by reading a user ID(410) from a device record (956) for the device. In the example of FIG.15, the device itself has an owner and therefore, only the useridentified in the device class for the device is notified of the deviceevent.

The device generating the device event is, in the method of FIG. 15,represented in data with a device record (956) representing any devicecapable of reporting its status. Such devices can be either telephonydevices, or non-telephony devices. The exemplary device record (956) ofFIG. 15 includes a device ID (958) uniquely identifying the device. Theexemplary device record (956) of FIG. 15 includes a event type (960)identifying the type of event generated by the device. The exemplarydevice record (956) of FIG. 15 also includes a user ID (410) identifyingthat in the example of FIG. 15 the device has an owner.

The method of FIG. 15 also includes receiving (826) an RFID signal (416)from a user's RFID tag (414) and determining (828) the user's location(420) in dependence upon the RFID signal (416). As discussed above, RFIDtags are often available as either active RFID tags or passive RFIDtags. The RFID signal in the example of FIG. 15 therefore can be eitheran RFID signal from an active RFID tag located with or attached to theuser or an RFID signal from a passive RFID tag located with or attachedto the user. Also discussed in more detail above with reference to FIGS.6, 7, and 8, determining the location of the user in dependence uponRFID signals can be carried out by near field sensing of the user's tagat fixed locations within the networked environment or through the userof trilateration. The exemplary descriptions of near field sensing andtrilateration are for explanation and not for limitation. In fact, thereare many ways of determining the location of the user in dependence uponRFID signals that will occur to those of skill in the art and all suchways are will within the scope of the present invention.

The method of FIG. 15 also includes selecting (842) a user notificationappliance (838) in dependence upon the user's location (420). A usernotification appliance (838) is any networked device capable of datacommunications with a communications gateway or other hardware orsoftware implementing aspects of the method of FIG. 15 and gaining theattention of a user. A user notification appliance may be assophisticated as a computer that is programmed to send a user astandardized email to notify the user of the device event, or aslightweight as a single speaker device capable of playing earcons, orsound icons, notifying the user of the device event. There are manytypes of user notification appliances available and all such usernotification appliances are well within the scope of the presentinvention.

In the method of FIG. 15, selecting (842) a user notification appliance(838) in dependence upon the user's location (420) includes retrievingfrom a notification table (830) a notification appliance ID (838)identifying a notification appliance for use at the user's currentlocation. The exemplary notification table (830) of FIG. 15 includesnotification appliances (838) indexed by their location (837). Selecting(842) a user notification appliance (838) in dependence upon the user'slocation (420) typically includes searching the notification table (830)on the location field (837) for a notification appliance (838) whoselocation is nearest the user.

The method of FIG. 15 also includes notifying (844) the user (408) ofthe device event (820) with the selected user notification appliance(838). Notifying the user of the device event with the selected usernotification appliance may be carried out in some embodiments by callingmember methods in a device class for the notification appliance such as,for example, PlayEarCon( ).

In the example of FIG. 15, the device itself had an owner and thereforeassociating the device event with a user to be notified was carried outby reading the user from the device class for the device. In many cases,however, devices are shared and therefore do not have a single owner.For further explanation, FIG. 16 sets forth an exemplary method forassociating with a user a device event generated by a device without anowner. The method of FIG. 16 includes identifying (824) the location(962) of the device (956). In the method of FIG. 16 identifying (824)the location (962) of the device (956) includes reading a description ofthe location (962) of the device from a field (962) in a device recordrepresenting the device (956).

The method of FIG. 16 includes identifying (928) a previous location(922) of the user (408). In the method of FIG. 16 identifying (928) aprevious location (922) of the user (408) includes reading a descriptionof a previous location of a user from a user's location history (920).

The method of FIG. 16 includes associating (930) the device event (822)with a user (408) in dependence upon the location (962) of the device(956) and the previous location of the user (922). In the method of FIG.16, associating (930) the device event (822) with a user (408) independence upon the location (962) of the device (956) and the previouslocation of the user (922) is typically carried out by identifying auser whose previous location most closely matches the location of thedevice. The method of FIG. 16, therefore identifies one or more userswhose previous location most closely match the location of the deviceand therefore are most likely the users who should be notified of thedevice event.

The method of FIG. 16 associates users whose previous location mostclosely match the location of the device. However, associating userswith device event may advantageously use device types to more accuratelyidentify the user to be notified of the device event. For example, adevice event that a coffee pot is finished brewing may be moreaccurately associated with a user who was located near the coffee potfive minutes ago, than with a user near the pot five hours ago. Forfurther explanation therefore, FIG. 17 sets forth another exemplarymethod for associating the device event with a user. The method of FIG.17 includes identifying (934) an event type (836) of the device event(822) and identifying (926) the location (962) of the device (956). Inthe method of FIG. 17, identifying (926) the location (962) of thedevice (956) includes reading a description of the location (962) of thedevice from a field (962) in a device record representing the device(956).

The method of FIG. 17 also includes identifying (928) a previouslocation (922) of the user (408). In the method of FIG. 17, identifying(928) a previous location (922) of the user (408) includes reading adescription of a previous location of a user from a user's locationhistory (920).

The method of FIG. 17 includes associating (936) the device event (822)with the user (408) in dependence upon the event type (836) of thedevice event (822), the location (962) of the device (956), and theuser's previous location (922). In the method of FIG. 17, associating(936) the device event (822) with the user (408) in dependence upon theevent type (836) of the device event (822), the location (962) of thedevice (956), and the user's previous location (922) includesassociating (936) the device event (822) with the user (408) independence upon the event type (836) of the device event (822), thelocation (962) of the device (956), and the user's previous location(922) with association rules (925). Association rules provide a vehiclefor associating a user with a device event. For further explanationconsider the following association rule:

-   -   If event type is ‘preheating complete’; and    -   Device location is ‘kitchen’; and    -   User location history indicates user was in the kitchen in the        past 20 minutes; then    -   Associate device event with the user.

A communications application implementing the rule above determines thatthe device event type represents preheating is complete for a networkedoven. The communications application determines that the oven is in factin the kitchen. A communications application implanting this associationrule then determines whether a user has been in the kitchen in the last20 minutes. If a user has been in the kitchen in the last twenty minutesthen, the communications application implementing this association ruleassociates the device event with the user. The use of association rulesadvantageously provide a vehicle for increased accuracy in associatingusers with device events and therefore, increased accuracy in notifyingonly appropriate users of those device events.

Establishing User Accounts for RFID-Based Telecommunications Routing

As discussed above, user records, user routing preferences, and otherdata useful in implementing methods of routing and reroutingtelecommunications to a user may be stored in computer memory within thenetworked environment and directly accessible to a communicationsgateway or such information may be available through an enterpriseserver coupled for data communications with the communications gatewaythrough a WAN. For further explanation, FIG. 18 sets forth an exemplarymethod for establishing RFID-based telecommunications routing for a user(408). The method of FIG. 18 includes identifying (350) a plurality oftelephony devices (906) available to a user (408). As discussed above,in this specification a telephony device is any device useful infacilitating telecommunications among users. Telephony device includecomputers, digital communications equipment, analog communicationsequipment or any other communications device that will occur to those ofskill in the art.

In the method of FIG. 18, identifying (350) a plurality of telephonydevices (906) available to a user (408) is carried out by receiving atelephony device identification from the user. Receiving a telephonydevice identification from a user may be carried out by receiving in acommunication application the device identification from a user directlyor by receiving the device identification at a service provider. One wayof directly receiving a telephony device identification from the user iscarried out by providing through a communications applicationinstruction screens accessible by use of a browser that are designed tofacilitate receiving through the instruction screens an identificationof one or more telephony devices in the networked environment. Anidentification of a telephony device may include a serial number of thetelephony device, a make and model of the telephony device or any otheridentification of a telephony device that will occur to those of skillin the art.

Receiving a telephony device identification from a user mayalternatively be carried out by service provider. In such an embodiment,a service provider establishing an RFID-based telecommunications routingaccount for the user may receive from a user an identification of one ormore telephony devices in the networked environment and provide suchidentification to the communications application through an enterpriseserver coupled for data communications with a communications gateway inthe user's networked environment.

The method of FIG. 18 includes identifying (352) the location (962) ofthe plurality of telephony devices (906) available to the user (408). Inthe method of FIG. 18, identifying (352) the location (962) of theplurality of telephony devices (906) available to the user (408) iscarried out by receiving a telephony device location identification fromthe user. Receiving a telephony device location identification from theuser may be carried out by receiving the location directly from a userin a communication application or by receiving the location using aservice provider. In some embodiments, a user is empowered to directlyprovide to a communications application identifications of the locationsof telephony devices in the networked environment. One way of receivingsuch identifications of the locations of telephony devices in thenetworked environment directly from the user is carried out by providingthrough a communications application instruction screens accessible byuse of a browser that are designed to facilitate receiving the locationsof one or more telephony devices. An identification of a location of atelephony device may include a room designation, a latitude andlongitude, a physical address, or any other identification ordescription of a location of a telephony device that will occur to thoseof skill in the art.

Receiving a telephony device location identification from the user mayalso be carried out through a service provider. In some suchembodiments, a service provider establishing an RFID-basedtelecommunications routing account for the user may receive from a useran identification of the location of a telephony device and provide suchidentification of the location of the telephony device to thecommunications application through an enterprise server coupled for datacommunications with a communications gateway in the user's networkedenvironment.

The method of FIG. 18 includes receiving (354) from a user (408) routingpreferences (456, 455). In the method of FIG. 18, receiving (354) from auser (408) routing preferences includes receiving from the user locationbased routing preferences. As discussed above, location-based routingpreferences are preferences for a user describing a preferred routing oftelecommunications in dependence upon particular user locations withinthe networked environment. For example, an exemplary location-basedrouting preference may indicate that that despite having more telephonydevices available, a user will accept calls on telephony devices inliving room and the bedroom only. Therefore, when the user's location iswithin a range of locations predetermined to be closer to the livingroom, calls are routed to the living room. When the user's location iswithin a range of locations predetermined to be closer to the bedroomroom, calls are routed to the bedroom.

In the method of FIG. 18, receiving (354) from a user (408) routingpreferences (456, 455) may be carried out by receiving the routingpreferences in a communications application from a user directly orreceiving the routing preferences through a service provider. In someembodiments, a user is empowered to directly provide to a communicationsapplication routing preferences for use in the networked environment.One way of receiving such location based routing preferences directlyfrom the user is carried out by providing through a communicationsapplication instruction screens accessible by use of a browser that aredesigned to facilitate receiving from the user location-based routingpreferences for the networked environment. In some other embodiments, aservice provider establishing an RFID-based telecommunications routingaccount for the user may receive from a user location-based routingpreferences and provide those routing preferences to a communicationsapplication through an enterprise server coupled for data communicationswith a communications gateway in the user's networked environment.

In the method of FIG. 18, receiving (354) from a user (408) routingpreferences also includes receiving from the user device-based routingpreferences. As discussed above, device-based preferences arepreferences useful in selecting one of a plurality of available devices.Example of device based preferences include preferences for wirelesstelephony devices over wireline devices, preferences for telephonydevices with speakers over devices without speakers, a preference ofdevices that are wall mounted as opposed to those that are not wallmounted, and so on as will occur to those of skill in the art.

In the method of FIG. 18, receiving (354) from a user (408) device-basedrouting preferences (456, 455) may be carried out by receiving thedevice-based routing preferences directly from a user or by receivingthe device-based routing preferences through a service provider. In someembodiments, a user is empowered to directly provide to a communicationsapplication device-based routing preferences for use in the networkedenvironment. One way of receiving such device-based routing preferencesdirectly from the user is carried out by providing through acommunications application instruction screens accessible by use of abrowser that are designed to facilitate receiving from the user suchdevice-based routing preferences for the networked environment. In someother embodiments, a service provider establishing an RFID-basedtelecommunications routing account for the user may receive from a userdevice-based routing preferences and provide those routing preferencesto a communications application through an enterprise server coupled fordata communications with a communications gateway in the user'snetworked environment.

The method of FIG. 18 also includes receiving (353) an RFID tagidentification (414) for a user. As discussed above, the RFID tag islocated with the user and therefore is typically used to uniquely locatethe user. In the method of FIG. 18, receiving (353) an RFID tagidentification (414) for a user may be carried out by receiving theidentification directly in a communications application from a user orby receiving the identification through a service provider. In someembodiments, a user is empowered to directly provide to a communicationsapplication an identification of the RFID tag. One way of receiving suchan identification directly from the user is carried out by providingthrough a communications application instruction screens accessible byuse of a browser that are designed to facilitate receiving from the RFIDtag identification. In some other embodiments, a service providerestablishing an RFID-based telecommunications routing account for theuser may receive from a user an identification of the user's RFID tagand provide the tag identification as part of the information availableto a communications application through an enterprise server coupled fordata communications with a communications gateway in the user'snetworked environment.

The method of FIG. 18 also includes associating (356) with the user(408) the identified telephony devices (906) available to a user (408),the locations (962) of the plurality of devices (906) available to theuser (408), the routing preferences (465, 455), and the RFIDidentification. The method of FIG. 18, associating (356) with the user(408) the identified telephony devices (906) available to a user (408),the locations (962) of the plurality of devices (906) available to theuser (408), the routing preferences (456, 455), and the RFIDidentification creates a user account for the user. A user account (120)may be stored in a database within the networked environment or may beaccessible to a communications application running on a communicationsgateway in the networked environment through an enterprise server.

In the example of FIG. 18, a user account (120) in an RFID based routingdatabase is implemented through the use of relational data structures.For further explanation, FIG. 19 sets forth an exemplary relationshipdiagram of data structures useful in implementing a user account fortelecommunications routing according to embodiments of the presentinvention. The example of FIG. 19 includes a user record (408). Theexemplary user record (408) of FIG. 19 includes a user ID (410) uniquelyidentifying the user. The exemplary user record (408) of FIG. 19 alsoincludes an identification of the user's RFID tag (414) uniquelyidentifying the RFID tag. The exemplary user record (408) of FIG. 19includes a preference ID (412) identifying user preferences such aslocation-based routing preferences and device-based routing preferencesdiscussed in more detail below.

The example of FIG. 19 includes a device record (906) relatedmany-to-one to the user record (408) though the user ID field (410) usedas a foreign key. The exemplary telephony device record (906) of FIG. 19includes a device ID (908) uniquely representing the telephony device.The exemplary telephony device record (906) of FIG. 19 includes a devicetype (910) identifying the type of telephony device. Examples of devicetype include telephone, laptop, PDA, speakerphone, wireless telephone,wireline telephone, cellular telephone, and so on as will occur to thoseof skill in the art. The exemplary telephony device record (906) of FIG.19 includes a device location (962) identifying the location of thedevice. A location of the device may be represented as a latitude andlongitude, a room designation, a physical address, or any otherrepresentation of location that will occur to those of skill in the art.The exemplary telephony device record (906) of FIG. 19 also includes aneffective range (914). An effective range describes the physical areafor which the telephony device is effective. For example, a speakerphone may have a range of effectiveness of 10 square feet, while awireline phone may have an effective range of only two square feet.

The example of FIG. 19 includes a user location history (920) relatedone-to-one to the user record through the user ID field (410) used as aforeign key. A user location history is a data structure containingidentifications of previous locations of a user indexed by the date andtime the user was at the previous location. The exemplary user locationhistory of FIG. 19 includes a user ID (410) uniquely identifying theuser location. The exemplary user location history (920) of FIG. 19 alsoincludes a description or identification of the previous location (922).The description or identification of the previous location of the usermay be a latitude and longitude, a room designation, a physical addressor any other description or identification of a previous location thatwill occur to those of skill in the art.

The example of FIG. 19 includes a location-based preference record (455)related many-to-one to the user record (408) through the user ID field(410) and the preference ID field (413). The exemplary location-basedpreference record (455) of FIG. 19 includes a user ID (410) uniquelyidentifying the user. The exemplary location-based preference record(455) also includes a location ID (411) identifying the user locationfor which the location based routing preference is to be implemented.The location ID (411) may be a lattitude and longitude, a roomdesignation, a physical address, or a range of locations represented inany manner as will occur to those of skill in the art. The exemplarylocation-based preference record (455) also includes a preference ID(413) uniquely identifying the routing preference associated with thelocation ID.

The example of FIG. 19 includes a device-based preference record (456)related many-to-one to the user record (408) through the user ID field(410) and the preference ID field (413). The exemplary device basedpreference record (456) of FIG. 19 includes a preference ID field (462)that uniquely identifies the preference. The exemplary device basedpreference record (456) of FIG. 19 also includes a preferred device typefield (464) that includes preferences for telephony devices independence of device type. Examples of device types include wirelessdevices, wireline devices, wall mounted devices, mobile devices, deviceswith speakers, and so on as will occur to those of skill in the art. Theexemplary device based preference record (456) of FIG. 19 includes apriority call device (466) field that includes a device type or deviceidentification of a device for priority calls. For example, a prioritycall device may include a user's mobile phone and in such cases onlyhigh priory calls are routed to the mobile phone.

It will be understood from the foregoing description that modificationsand changes may be made in various embodiments of the present inventionwithout departing from its true spirit. The descriptions in thisspecification are for purposes of illustration only and are not to beconstrued in a limiting sense. The scope of the present invention islimited only by the language of the following claims.

1. A method for establishing RFID-based telecommunications routing for auser, the method comprising: identifying a plurality of telephonydevices available to a user; receiving from the user routingpreferences; receiving an identification of an RFID tag for the user;and associating with the user the identified telephony devices availableto the user, the routing preferences, and the identification of the RFIDtag.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying a plurality oftelephony devices available to a user further comprises receiving atelephony device identification from the user.
 3. The method of claim 1wherein receiving from the user routing preferences further comprisesreceiving from the user device based routing preferences.
 4. The methodof claim 1 wherein associating with the user the telephony devicesavailable to the user, the routing preferences, and the identificationof the RFID tag further comprises creating a user account in an RFIDbased routing database.
 5. A system for establishing RFID-basedtelecommunications routing for a user, the system comprising: means foridentifying a plurality of telephony devices available to a user; meansfor receiving from the user routing preferences; means for receiving anidentification of an RFID tag for the user; and means for associatingwith the user the telephony devices available to the user, the routingpreferences, and the identification of the RFID tag.
 6. The system ofclaim 5 wherein means for identifying a plurality of telephony devicesavailable to a user further comprises means for receiving a telephonydevice identification from the user.
 7. The system of claim 5 whereinmeans for receiving from the user routing preferences further comprisesmeans for receiving from the user device based routing preferences. 8.The system of claim 5 wherein means for associating with the user thetelephony devices available to the user, the routing preferences, andthe identification of the RFID tag further comprises means for creatinga user account in an RFID based routing database.
 9. A computer programproduct for establishing RFID-based telecommunications routing for auser, the computer program product comprising: a recording medium;means, recorded on the recording medium, for identifying a plurality oftelephony devices available to a user; means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for receiving from the user routing preferences; means, recordedon the recording medium, for receiving an identification of an RFID tagfor the user; and means, recorded on the recording medium, forassociating with the user the telephony devices available to the user,the routing preferences, and the identification of the RFID tag.
 10. Thecomputer program product of claim 9 wherein means, recorded on therecording medium, for identifying a plurality of telephony devicesavailable to a user further comprises means, recorded on the recordingmedium, for receiving a telephony device identification from the user.11. The computer program product of claim 9 wherein means, recorded onthe recording medium, for receiving from the user routing preferencesfurther comprises means, recorded on the recording medium, for receivingfrom the user device based routing preferences.
 12. The computer programproduct of claim 9 wherein means, recorded on the recording medium, forassociating with the user the telephony devices available to the user,the routing preferences, and the identification of the RFID tag furthercomprises means, recorded on the recording medium, for creating a useraccount in an RFID based routing database.